The Valence Bond Theory of chemical bonding explains the formation of molecules by suggesting that bonds form by overlap of half-filled atomic orbitals.
Why are hALF-FILLED orbitals a key feature of this model?
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Well, when they overlap together, they form an orbital that can only have two electrons in it (of opposite spins). If they have a full electron orbital, and the other one has a full orbital, then you would be trying to put four electrons in one orbital when they overlapped... and that doesn't happen.
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